・・・with almost 99 percent of the vote counted, Mr. Yanukovich won the eastern region of Donetsk, a coal and steel center along Russia’s border, with more than 90 percent of the votes cast there, while more than 86 percent of the voters in the western region of Lviv, living around an old Habsburg city along Poland’s border, voted for Ms. Tymoshenko. That closely parallels the results in 2005, when voters in Donetsk gave Mr. Yanukovich, who took 44 percent of the national vote that year, nearly 9 percent of his votes, while voters in Lviv gave Viktor Yushchenko, who took 52 percent of the national vote, more than 5 percent of his total votes.
So strong, in fact, is the regional divide that of the country’s 27 electoral districts, only 4 were won on Sunday with less than 60 percent of the vote. ・・・
・・・an important factor in Mr. Yanukovich’s victory is that the current president, Mr. Yushchenko, essentially urged his supporters to cast protest ballots against both candidates in this year’s election・・・
The victor, Mr. Yanukovich, was advised by Paul J. Manafort, an American political consultant who has worked for Republicans and is a business partner of John McCain’s campaign manager, Rick Davis. The loser, Ms. Tymoshenko, was advised by Larry Grisolano, who has consulted Democratic candidates and is a partner in a firm run by President Obama’s campaign manager, David Plouffe, and his senior adviser, David Axelrod.・・・ http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/08/ukraines-voters-speak-in-two-voices/?pagemode=print
その上で、今後のウクライナについて、楽観的なのはワシントンポストです。↓
・・・What threatens the Orange Revolution is not candidates or their policies but anti-democratic practices. In that sense, the largest threat at the moment is posed by Ms. Tymoshenko, should she choose to respond to her relatively narrow loss with court challenges and unfounded claims of irregularities. ・・・
In the longer term, Mr. Yanukovych will show whether he is committed to liberal democracy. Will he respect the media, which are populated by free-wheeling Russian television hosts who were driven out of Moscow? Will he fight pervasive corruption and try to strengthen institutions such as the courts? Will future elections remain free? ・・・ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/08/AR2010020802957_pf.html
（２月９日アクセス）
判断を保留しているのがファイナンシャルタイムスです。↓
Western observers are sometimes too quick to equate three distinct, if often related, concepts: democratic, pro-western and well-governed. Over the past six years, during the Yushchenko presidency, Ukraine has been democratic and pro-western ? but badly governed. The average Ukrainian now yearns for better government, which accounts for the backlash against the ineffective Mr Yushchenko.
The fact that this is the third peaceful transition of leadership in Ukraine since 1991 suggests that democracy should survive a Yanukovich presidency. That is a big achievement in itself. ・・・
It was Ukraine’s misfortune that the Orange Revolution took place just as the European Union was succumbing to “enlargement fatigue” ? following the shock of moving from 12 members in 1995 to 27 members today. As a result, the EU has given Ukraine an almost criminal lack of encouragement, as the country attempts to secure simultaneously its independence, its democracy and its prosperity. Everybody knows that actually joining the Union is a long and arduous process ? since it involves transforming the laws and economies of the applicant countries. But it would have cost the EU very little to give Ukraine the encouragement of holding out the prospect of eventual membership. Since the EU was unable to offer even that, Ukraine and Georgia were left pursuing membership of Nato ? which inevitably antagonised Russia.・・・ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d9463cfc-14e3-11df-8f1d-00144feab49a.html 上掲
懸念を示しているのがニューヨークタイムスです。↓
・・・Mr. Yushchenko and Ms. Tymoshenko were once allies, but they are now so estranged that he refused to endorse her in the runoff and instead urged Ukrainians to vote “against all” on the ballot, a legal option. The president’s attacks on her may have been a factor in Mr. Yanukovich’s apparent success.
According to the results, “against all” received 4.4 percent, more than Mr. Yanukovich’s margin of victory. ・・・
If she loses the presidency, Ms. Tymoshenko will remain prime minister, and she has the ability to disrupt Mr. Yanukovich’s agenda until he puts together a coalition in Parliament to dismiss her. He could also call for new parliamentary elections. ・・・
The events reflected a schism in Ukraine. On one side were those who aligned themselves with the West and hoped to create a European-style government, rejecting the authoritarian model in many post-Soviet countries. The other side had more loyalty toward Moscow. ・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/09/world/europe/09ukraine.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
・・・In a 1923 essay on U.S. literature, British novelist and poet D.H. Lawrence ridiculed the American fetishization of liberty as a source of perennial tantrums（癇癪）. "Somewhere deep in every American heart," he wrote, "lies a rebellion against the old parenthood of Europe. Yet no American feels he has completely escaped its mastery." To Americans, he went on, liberty means "the breaking of all dominion."
In other words, the American passion for absolute liberty isn't too far removed from heedless adolescent rebellion.・・・ http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-rodriguez8-2010feb08,0,5446611.column
・・・Münster in Westphalia, home in 1534 to an apocalyptic sect of polygamous communist Anabaptists who murdered their opponents in the name of a New Jerusalem. After a brief reign of terror, the movement was broken up and its leaders put to death with exemplary cruelty in view of the entire population. Their remains were suspended in huge iron cages up the side of St Lambert’s Church, from which, over the years, bits of the executed sectaries（党派） would occasionally tumble（こぼれ落ちる）. ・・・ http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article7013733.ece?print=yes&randnum=1265686625953
・・・Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, who became the world’s first female elected head of state in 1960, has been followed by female leaders in India, Pakistan and Indonesia, by two each in Bangladesh and the Philippines, and by Mrs. Bandaranaike’s own daughter in Sri Lanka.・・・
“Except for Afghanistan and Brunei, women lead, or have led, governments or opposition groups in all predominantly Islamic countries in this region (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan).”
But taken together, experts say these leaders have done little to advance the causes associated with women’s rights; they have not, with a few possible exceptions, governed differently from men, and they have not broken a path to the top that other women have followed.・・・
“There is no doubt that the rise of female leaders is linked to their being members of prominent families: they are all the daughters, wives, or widows of former government heads or leading oppositionists,” ・・・
An exception is Han Myung-sook, who attained her position as prime minister of South Korea from 2006 to 2007 without a family connection.・・・
・・・there still seems to be a glass ceiling that holds back women from reaching the very top purely on their own merits, and a political context that may limit their room to maneuver as leaders.・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/08/world/asia/08iht-asiawomen.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
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・・・人権活動家のGmailアカウントをスパイすることを明らかに意図した攻撃後、検索に対する中共の検閲に抗議するためにグーグルが中共での検索事業から撤退するとの脅しについて、ゲーツ氏は感銘を受けないしまた少し当惑すると言い切った。「彼らは何もしていないが賞賛されている」とゲーツ氏は言った。
彼は、中共の法律に賛同する者もしない者もいるだろが、米国を含めて殆ど全ての国に問題のある法律や政策がある、と言った。更に、ゲーツ氏は「彼らは何がしたいのだろうか？」「もし、グーグルが米国から撤退すること選択したら、私は彼らを賞賛するだろう」と言った。・・・
＜米国のインターネット視聴率調査会社である＞comScoreによれば、12月、グーグルの米国市場におけるシェアは66パーセントであったのに対して、マイクロソフト＜のシェア＞は11パーセントであった。
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sakimono999米国・欧州・コーポラティズム（その１）2010-02-08T23:33:50Z2010-02-09T08:33:50+09:00tag:blog.livedoor.jp,2010:sakimono999.51462070太田述正コラム#3758（2010.1.9）
＜米国・欧州・コーポラティズム（その１）＞（2010.2.9公開）
１ 始めに
米国人のリュー・ダリー（Lew Daly）の新著'God’s Economy: Faith-Based Initiatives and the Caring State' （注1）に対し、英国の主要メディアはおろか、米...
＜米国・欧州・コーポラティズム（その１）＞（2010.2.9公開）
１ 始めに
米国人のリュー・ダリー（Lew Daly）の新著'God’s Economy: Faith-Based Initiatives and the Caring State' （注1）に対し、英国の主要メディアはおろか、米国の主要メディアすら、音無しのところ、英ファイナンシャルタイムス（FT）だけが、厳しい書評を載せました。
・・・Phineas Gurley, Lincoln’s minister in Washington＜ 's＞ vast influence on the president・・・
・・・Lincoln rarely attended church in Illinois, but became more diligent in Sunday worship during his White House days・・・
Lincoln’s second inaugural included 14 mentions of God, four Biblical quotes, and three invocations of prayer・・・ http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2010/0207/Classic-review-A.-Lincoln
だからこそ、南北戦争であのように夥しい血が流されることになったのです。
・・・With his ultraviolent rule, Papa Doc・・・François Duvalier・・・ set a tone for Haitian governance that has been copied since, but never quite duplicated. Still, his regime was based not just on violence but also on ideology. He’d come to power as a noiriste, an advocate for black power in a country where black power had a singular meaning: to end the rule of Haiti’s mulatto elite, which had been in control of the country’s economy and cosmopolitan life for more than a century, and whose hegemony had been strengthened by the United States during its military occupation from 1915 to 1934. ・・・
Duvalierism, it turned out, was a political state of mind, not a phenomenon arising from a single figure. In a land utterly impoverished by its historical and geopolitical heritage, no dechoukaj could fully uproot the longstanding political culture: the desire for a strong leader to make things better single-handedly; the reflexive populist recourse to a cult of personality; the autocratic tendencies of the political class.・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/opinion/07wilentz.html?ref=opinion&pagewanted=print
・・・if Haiti is to be rebuilt, or not merely rebuilt but transformed, then drug trafficking needs to be recognized for what it is, a primary force ? arguably, the dominant force ? in Haitian political life for the past 25 years.・・・
Haiti was well on its way to becoming the Caribbean’s leading transshipment point for cocaine entering the United States from South America・・・
By 2000, an estimated 75 tons, or 15 percent of the cocaine consumed annually in the United States, was being channeled through Haiti.・・・
・・・the richest country in the hemisphere and the poorest, the first republic and the second, trapped together in the New World’s most glaring modern failure, the war on drugs. ・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/opinion/07fountain.html?ref=opinion&pagewanted=print
この英FT掲載の書評子が指摘するように↓ゴジラは科学へのペシミズムを象徴しています。
・・・One of the most powerful monsters inspired by the cult of dinosaurs is Godzilla, the creature first seen in Ishiro Honda’s 1954 movie Gojira, that was “awakened and transformed into a giant by the Bomb”. Godzilla at 50 metres tall is a potent symbol of our fears about science and its ability to create monsters, rather than do away with them. ・・・ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/89c74cfe-11e4-11df-b6e3-00144feab49a.html
他方、鉄腕アトムは科学へのオプティミズムを象徴しており、どちらも日本が戦後世界に送った輝かしいメッセージです。
しかし、我々日本人としては、ゴジラは、何よりも原爆（投下）そのものを糾弾するメッセンジャーであることに注意を喚起して行くべきでしょう。
・・・the best in the world in the cyberrealm are the United States, the Russians, the British, the Israelis, and the French. The next tier is the Chinese・・・
China understands that a strategic vulnerability of the United States is its soft cyberunderbelly. I believe they seek to “own” that space・・・ http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Global-Viewpoint/2010/0205/China-is-aiming-at-America-s-soft-underbelly-the-Internet
これは、日本が属国であり、安全保障を放棄していることの論理的帰結です。
そもそも、インターネットは、米国の国防省の国防高等研究プロジェクト庁（DARPA）（コラム#137）が生み出したものであることを思い出して下さい。
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太田述正コラム#3818（2010.2.8）
＜ウクライナの「英雄」ステパン・バンデラ＞
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sakimono999米ICBMの父（その１）2010-02-07T22:57:41Z2010-02-08T07:57:41+09:00tag:blog.livedoor.jp,2010:sakimono999.51461629太田述正コラム#3551（2009.9.28）
＜米ICBMの父（その１）＞（2010.2.8公開）
１ 始めに
出版されたばかりの、ニール・シーハン（Neil Sheehan＜。1936年～＞）の'A FIERY PEACE IN A COLD WAR Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon' の書評を手がかりに、米国の...
＜米ICBMの父（その１）＞（2010.2.8公開）
１ 始めに
出版されたばかりの、ニール・シーハン（Neil Sheehan＜。1936年～＞）の'A FIERY PEACE IN A COLD WAR Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon' の書評を手がかりに、米国のICBMの父と彼を取り巻く群像に迫ってみましょう。
...The United States and its Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration (July 26) that promised “prompt and utter destruction” if Japan did not unconditionally surrender ? an ultimatum Japan rejected on July 29. An atomic bomb was used against Hiroshima on August 6, completely destroying four square miles of the city and killing more than 70,000 people upon impact. A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days later, causing 40,000 deaths. Emperor Hirohito, long a figurehead in Japanese politics, then insisted on surrender. The Japanese agreed to Allied terms on August 14, thus ending World War II.
The decision to use an atomic bomb has long been and continues to be controversial. Historians argue that by the summer of 1945, Japan was on the verge of collapse, and the continued air attacks would have led to surrender. Some claim that the real reason the bombs were used was as a show of American strength for the Soviet Union, a theory that would make Hiroshima the first salvo of the Cold War, the icy U.S.?Soviet rivalry that followed World War II. Others maintain that racism was a factor, insisting that the bomb would never have been used against Germany, for example. Scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project wanted, in fact, to demonstrate the destructive force of the bomb for the Japanese military in one more test, hoping that witnessing the power the United States could unleash would cause Japan to surrender. In the end, however, the fact remains that Japan refused to surrender. Faced with the possible loss of tens of thousands of American troops in an invasion, Truman and his military advisors were determined to use every weapon available. Truman noted that the bomb ended the war quickly and that in so doing, it saved not only American lives but Japanese as well.
Read more: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Toward-Final-Victory.topicArticleId-25238,articleId-25217.html#ixzz0ejHQMWCh
・・・U.S. financial aid intended to bolster Ukraine's fledgling democracy has fallen sharply in recent years despite Washington's rhetorical support for this former Soviet republic after the Orange Revolution.
The decline reflects what some call "Ukraine fatigue," or growing Western impatience with the political infighting that has paralyzed the Ukrainian government since 2005. But analysts say it also highlights Washington's tendency to focus on elections and breakthroughs like the Orange Revolution instead of the difficult, drawn-out work of building institutions such as independent courts, free media and a vigorous civil society.
The temptation -- for policymakers as well as activists -- is to label countries such as Ukraine "democratic enough" and move on to the next dictatorship. But many scholars say the United States could have a greater impact by concentrating on shoring up the dozens of weak democracies worldwide that are so troubled by poor governance that they appear to be at risk of backsliding.
Some say Ukraine, for example, remains vulnerable to an authoritarian comeback similar to the one mounted by Vladimir Putin in Russia. Polls in Ukraine, a nation of 46 million strategically located on the Black Sea between Russia and the West, show deep frustration with democracy, with less than a third of respondents expressing approval of the transition to a multiparty system after the fall of the Soviet Union. ・・・
・・・even as the West has cut aid, Russia has been spending more to undermine the Ukrainian government and thwart reforms.・・・
Deputy Prime Minister Hryhoriy Nemyria said a "real possibility" of European Union membership for Ukraine would have done more to spur reform than any additional aid. He linked the success of democracy in neighboring Eastern European countries to the E.U. accession process.
"That strong anchor was and is absent for Ukraine," he said. ・・・ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/06/AR2010020602045_pf.html
・・・the founding fathers of obstetrics・・・William Hunter and William Smellie・・・were between them responsible for the murders of 35-40 pregnant women and their unborn children. Acting separately, and using henchmen to deliver their supply, they organised a killing spree in London between 1749 and 1755 and, after a period of inactivity enforced by mounting suspicion about the source of their corpses, resumed between 1764 and 1774.・・・ http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/feb/07/british-obstetrics-founders-murders-claim
若い気持ちは、実際心身ともに若返らせるらしいです。↓
・・・by encouraging the men's minds to think younger their bodies followed and actually became "younger・・・ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8498233.stm]]>
sakimono999早稲田大学での講義（続き）2010-02-07T00:23:58Z2010-02-07T09:23:58+09:00tag:blog.livedoor.jp,2010:sakimono999.51461287 この点に関する限り、日本は米国の保護国どころか、終戦当時から引き続き米国の占領下にあると言えるでしょう。
次に、やはり米国の他の同盟国ではまず見られないことですが、日本は在日米軍駐留経費を（半分も）負担させられています。米軍基地の土地借料分を計算に入れ...
次に、やはり米国の他の同盟国ではまず見られないことですが、日本は在日米軍駐留経費を（半分も）負担させられています。米軍基地の土地借料分を計算に入れると、日本は米軍の駐留経費の実に８割を負担している勘定になるのです。
しかも日本は、米軍基地の正規の日本人労働者のほか、米軍基地内の独立採算制のハンバーガー店等の日本人労働者の給料まで負担しています。
その結果、米軍は減っているのに基地労働者はどんどん増えている、という笑い話のようなことが生じています。
・タキトゥス『ゲルマニア』（ラテン語からの翻訳）
・Alan MacFarlane ‘THE ORIGINS OF ENGLISH INDIVIDUALISM: THE FAMILY, PROPERTY AND SOCIAL TRANSITION’（邦訳あり）
２ 欧州
・John Gray ‘Black Mass?Apocalyptic Religion and the Death of Utopia’
３ 米国
・Bruce Feiler 'AMERICA'S PROPHET Moses and the American Story'
４ 米国の人種主義的帝国主義
・Jackson Lears 'Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920'
・James Bradley 'THE IMPERIAL CRUISE A Secret History of Empire and War'
５ 戦前の日本の政治体制
・Gordon M. Berger, Parties out of Power in Japan 1931-1941（邦訳あり）
・古川隆久『戦時議会』
６ 日米戦争
・Arthur Waldron ‘How the Peace was Lost: The Developments by Ambassador Jon Van Antwerp MacMurray’（邦訳あり）
・ジョン・ダワー『人種偏見――太平洋戦争に見る日米摩擦の底流』（John W. Dower ‘War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War’の翻訳）
・Nicholson Baker 'Human Smoke--The Beginnings of World War II, the End of Civilization'
5 原爆投下
・Tsuyoshi Hasegawa 'Racing The Enemy: Stalin, Truman, & the Surrender of Japan'
・Daniel Jonah Goldhagen 'WORSE THAN WAR Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity']]>
sakimono999早稲田大学での講義2010-02-07T00:23:05Z2010-02-07T09:21:24+09:00tag:blog.livedoor.jp,2010:sakimono999.51461286太田述正コラム#3754（2010.1.7）
＜早稲田大学での講義＞（2010.2.7公開）
本日1630～1800、早稲田大学政経学部の３、４年生を対象とした授業の一環として、私が１コマ受け持ち、講義をしてきました。
以下に、事前に学生諸君に配布してあった講義案を掲げます。
な...
＜早稲田大学での講義＞（2010.2.7公開）
・・・In the wake of a bailout of Detroit's ailing manufacturing industry last year the US government owns a 60% stake in GM and has a minority holding in Chrysler.
This leaves it with an apparent conflict of interest as it stands in judgment over a foreign rival.
The US transport secretary, Ray LaHood, has come under fire for over-reacting to Toyota's difficulty ? he was obliged to perform a swift U-turn on Wednesday after initially advising owners to stop driving all of the 8.1m v¬ehicles affected by the global recall.
David Champion, director of automobile testing for Consumer Reports magazine, said the core problem of faulty Toyota accelerators had been linked to 19 deaths in a decade, amounting to two a year of the 40,000 people killed annually on ¬American roads.
"I find it a little odd that we're going to have a Congressional hearing to look at those two deaths out of 40,000," said Champion.・・・
Compounding the sensitivity of the crisis, Toyota is deeply unpopular with America's leading car plant union, the United Auto Workers.
The union demonstrated outside the Japanese embassy in Washington last month in protest at employment of non-union workers and the closure of a factory in California.
Experts, however, point out that Toyota's speciality in small cars means that it competes relatively marginally with GM and Chrysler, which are stronger in larger automobiles and trucks.
The direct rivals most likely to benefit are Ford, which has taken no US government aid, and Asian manufacturers Hyundai and Honda.・・・ http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/feb/05/toyota-united-states-reaction
ガーディアンは、トヨタに好意的で米国に批判的なコラムも載せてるな。↓
・・・motoring journalists are tweeting in support of Toyota, and indeed some Toyota dealerships are experiencing a "positive backlash" with loyal customers rallying to back them.・・・
Many of the hundreds of recalls listed sound far more serious than the possibility of the throttle pedal sticking. For example, I have selected a few faults at random, "risk of fire, brakes may fail, wheel bearings could fail, possible loss of steering." Few of these recalls were run in the glare of media attention and hysteria associated with the recent Toyota case.
In the past there have been attempts to label manufacturers with the most recalls or the most vehicles affected as somehow careless or irresponsible. I've always taken the view that cars are incredibly complex machines used in a wide range of extreme environments and, despite extensive testing ahead of launch, some faults are inevitable. Recalls can be evidence of responsible manufacturers.・・・
I can't help thinking that some of the backlash and problems Toyota has found are due to them recently becoming the global leader. Some people just don't like to be overtaken. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/feb/05/toyota-recalls-hysteria
Doris Naisbitt: The Western system is a multi-party system, the justification for governing is to be elected. Party A has to make Party B look bad and vice versa. It's a constant tug-of-war. In China, the government deliberates and makes up its mind. They have discussions too, and they are very smart people -- very well educated and prepared. They set one goal. Then they all pull in that direction, creating a framework for the people within which they can try to reach that goal. The big advantage is: If the government is not sure whether something will work or not, they have special zones in which they can try it out.
John Naisbitt: Trial and error.・・・There are many examples of bottom-up initiatives that are accepted by the leadership and turned into directives for the whole country. It's a consultative democracy.・・・
What does democracy mean? Rule of the people. In China, they respond to the people's wishes. You may not believe that, but a study done by the Pew Research Center found that the Chinese government has an 89 percent approval rating. ・・・
China is a country without an ideology.・・・ http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,675615,00.html
・・・Five hundred years after his death, Cesare Borgia still ranks as one of history's most reprehensible figures: ruthless, power-hungry and peacock-vain. But his reputation as a brute obscures the full human dimensions of this duke who sought to reunite Italy and place himself at the head of a new Roman Empire.・・・
Borgia was on his way to becoming Machiavelli's model for "The Prince," a work that, as Strathern puts it, "shocked the world, revolutionized political thinking, and would ultimately transform humanity's view of itself." ・・・
Da Vinci contributed his considerable gifts to strengthening the duke's fortresses (curved walls reduced the impact of cannonballs), drawing maps (with the use of his invention, the hodometer, to measure precise distances) and building ad hoc bridges for the duke's army to cross rivers. ・・・ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/29/AR2010012902141_pf.html
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イギリス内戦（いわゆる清教徒革命）と名誉革命に挟まれた時代において、王政復古、でイギリス王（兼スコットランド・ウェールズ王）となったチャールス２世（1830～85年）を、これまで正面からとりあげたことがありませんでしたが、このたび、イギリスのジェニー・ウグロウ（Jenny Uglow）女史が 'A Gambling Man: Charles II and the Restoration' を上梓したので、その書評２篇を手がかりに彼の人間像と当時のイギリスに迫ってみましょう。
（注1）「クロムウェルが1658年に死んだ後、チャールスが王位に復帰する可能性は当初あまりないと考えられていた。護国卿（Lord Protector）を、クロムウェルの息子のリチャードが継いだからだ。しかし、この新護国卿は、議会にも新模範軍（New Model Army）にも権力基盤を持たなかったので、1659年に辞任を余儀なくされ、護国卿制も廃止された。次いで起こった内戦と軍事的騒擾の中、スコットランド総督のジョージ・モンク（George Monck）がイギリスが無政府状態に陥ることを心配し、彼とその軍がロンドンのシティーへ進軍し、・・・ほとんど20年ぶりに総選挙が行われた。・・・王党派（Royalists）の候補者と有権者に対する規制（が行われたものの、それ）は諸処で無視され、政治的には王党派と議会派がほぼ拮抗し、宗教的には国教会信徒（Anglicans）と長老派信徒（Presbyterians）がほぼ拮抗する議会が結果として出現した。・・・このイギリス議会は、チャールスを国王とする決議を採択し、彼に帰国を促した。・・・チャールスは、・・・ロンドンに＜1660年＞５月29日に到着した（この日はチャールスの30歳の誕生日だったが、王政復古の期日とされている）。」（A）（太田）
この10年間を扱っているピープス（＜Samuel ＞Pepys＜。1633～1703年。海軍省高官・下院議員＞）による日記には、このエピソードが生んだ「極めて恐ろしい恐怖の汚臭」が記されている。
「シティー全体で人々がこんなに惨めな思いをしたことはない。もはや、イギリス王国全体が覆水盆に返らずだ」と。
チャールスがあえて、＜大ばくちをうつ形で抵抗しなかったこともある。＞
＜議会がいわゆる＞クラレンドン諸法（Clarendon Code）＜を成立させると、＞彼は、新しく形成されたクエーカーのような非国教徒のセクトの信徒達を公職に就けなくし、＜国教会の＞共通祈祷書（Book of Common Prayer）を押しつけ、５人以上の集団による集会を非合法化した。・・・
＜他方、＞彼の愛人達と王妃（注3）を同じ宮殿に住まわせるという大ばくちはうまくいった。・・・」（C）
（注3）「1662年５月にチャールスは＜ポルトガルの＞ブラガンザのキャサリン（Catherine of Braganza）と結婚した。・・・キャサリンの持参金の一環として、タンジール（Tngier）とボンベイ（Bombay）が英国の支配下に置かれた。後者は、インドにおける大英帝国の発展に主要な永続的な影響を与えた。」（A）（太田）
A former Kentucky high school football coach was acquitted Thursday in the death of a player who collapsed during practice in August of 2008.
Stinson's trial is believed to be the first in which a coach has faced criminal charges for working his players too hard, and other coaches say it could have a chilling effect on their profession. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/MensHealth/football-coach-jason-stinsonons-trial-players-heat-death/story?id=8605588
For generations, the rite of twice-daily summer football practice endured. In August, players would report as early as 7 a.m., work hard for a few hours, eat to get ready for more football, and then drill again in the afternoon.
Some coaches say two-a-days are time-honored and necessary to prepare for the season.
When Willie Tillman played on Purdue University's football team, he had three-a-days. During his high school and college years, water deprivation was common practice. Yet, Tillman never had a heat-related injury as a player. http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/08/21/heat.football.practice/index.html
・・・At present, the U.S. government is in the process of changing the tour of duty for the 28,500 USFK troops from one year to three accompanied by family and says an entirely new method of deployment will be implemented over the next three to four years. The report says the USFK can then be re-deployed to other conflict areas in the world at any time. ・・・
・・・it intends to hand over wartime operational control of South Korean troops to Seoul in 2012 and free American troops on the peninsula to serve in other areas one or two years later. ・・・ http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/02/03/2010020300970.html
・・・Gates told・・・the House Armed Services Committee・・・that under present circumstances, U.S. ground troops would not be able to arrive in South Korea on the timeline required by the Korea-U.S. contingency plan. "It's just that they wouldn't get there as quickly because of the commitments that we have in Iraq and Afghanistan," Gates said. "That's not to say they wouldn't get there." He added that the U.S. would instead be dependent on the Navy and Air Force before ground troops arrive. ・・・ http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/02/05/2010020500518.html
・・・Google has turned to the National Security Agency for technical assistance to learn more about the computer network attackers who breached the company’s cybersecurity defenses last year,・・・
“Google and N.S.A. are entering into a secret agreement that could impact the privacy of millions of users of Google’s products and services around the world,”・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/science/05google.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
・・・Romania’s top defense body approved an American proposal to base missile interceptors there, the country’s president said Thursday・・・
While the participation of Poland and the Czech Republic in the missile shield had been well known, the possibility that Romania would join them was not.・・・
・・・the Romanian site was farther from the Russian border, and ? unlike the proposed Polish site ? would not allow the interceptor missiles to stop a Russian missile headed to the United States over the Arctic Ocean, a possibility that had aroused anxiety in Moscow.・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/world/europe/05romania.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
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・・・President Obama signaled the tougher line on Wednesday, telling Democratic senators that the United States needed “to make sure our goods are not artificially inflated in price and their goods are not artificially deflated in price; that puts us at a huge competitive disadvantage.”・・・
Economists estimate that China’s currency, the renminbi, is undervalued by at least 25 percent and as much as 40 percent, relative to the dollar and other currencies.・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/04/world/asia/04diplo.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
ドイツのシュピーゲル誌も、米中の決別は避けられないとの記事を載せました。↓
・・・What will happen to "Chimerica," that economic marriage of convenience? The sense that it would be better to dissolve the forced union sooner rather than later is growing within China's Communist Party. Financial managers within the party are already exchanging long-term US Treasury securities for more short-term securities.
Sooner or later, Chimerica will come to an end. The real question is whether the former partners will be able to live peacefully with one another -- or if the divorce proceedings will turn acrimonious. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,674848,00.html
・・・The term "sex addict" does some of that work, and its introduction into the psychiatric idiom could be considered an important moment in feminist history. Suddenly, certain brutish behaviors that used to be overlooked were exiled as abnormal. And in the clinical literature, the word promiscuous came to primarily describe not hysterical women but rather predatory men. ・・・
For a long time, the closest term to sex addict was "Don Juanism," which gave the condition a swashbuckling, libertine air. Excessive sexual appetite was only clearly pathologized when it showed up in women. During the Victorian era, nymphomania became the catch-all term for a wide range of inappropriate behavior, from "lascivious glances" to extramarital affairs・・・
Of all the details we know, one?that ＜Woods＞ had sex the night his father died?would worry clinicians, since it means he might be using sex to self-medicate. ・・・ http://www.slate.com/id/2243481/
・・・protracted illness, whether real or imaginary, enabled many of these artists to "retreat from extraneous duty" and escape into their creative work. In a sense, he notes, "hypochondria（心気症） was both an illness and a cure: the catalyst or condition that allowed the artist or thinker to function . . . a kind of calling, almost a vocation, that structured a life."・・・ http://www.latimes.com/features/books/la-et-book3-2010feb03,0,249473.story
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・・・testosterone and vitamin D levels appeared to peak in the month of August, and drop off in the winter, hitting their lowest levels in March.・・・ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8493042.stm
近代科学も、その規律も、すべてはイギリスで始まったのです。↓
・・・Royal Society, the UK’s national academy of science, which this year celebrates its 350th anniversary.・・・
The Society was established to pursue an ideal ? that the best way to seek knowledge about the world was through observation and experiment. ・・・
The Royal Society invented scientific publishing and peer review. It made English the primary language of scientific discourse, in place of Latin. It systematised experimentation ... it created modern science.’・・・ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/716dc376-0c63-11df-a941-00144feabdc0.html
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＜globalyst：翻訳＞
・・・British business executives dealing with China were given a formal warning more than a year ago by Britain’s security service, MI5, that Chinese intelligence agencies were engaged in a wide-ranging effort to hack into British companies’ computers and to blackmail British businesspeople over sexual relationships and other improprieties・・・
“Hotel rooms in major Chinese cities such as Beijing and Shanghai which have been frequented by foreigners are likely to be bugged. Hotel rooms have been searched while the occupants are out of the room.”・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/01/world/europe/01spy.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
・・・the problem with Clinton's call for accountability and norms on the global network -- a call frequently heard in policy discussions about cybersecurity -- is the enormous array of cyberattacks originating from the United States. Until we acknowledge these attacks and signal how we might control them, we cannot make progress on preventing cyberattacks emanating from other countries. ・・・
・・・a cluster of thousands and sometimes millions of compromised computers under the ultimate remote control of a "master." ・・・
The United States has the most, or nearly the most, infected botnet computers and is thus the country from which a good chunk of botnet attacks stem. The government could crack down on botnets, but doing so would raise the cost of software or Internet access and would be controversial. So it has not acted, and the number of dangerous botnet attacks from America grows.
The United States is also a leading source of "hacktivists" who use digital tools to fight oppressive regimes.・・・
These efforts are often supported by U.S. foundations and universities, and by the federal government.・・・
Finally, the U.S. government has perhaps the world's most powerful and sophisticated offensive cyberattack capability. This capability remains highly classified. But the New York Times has reported that the Bush administration used cyberattacks on insurgent cellphones and computers in Iraq, and that it approved a plan for attacks on computers related to Iran's nuclear weapons program. And the government is surely doing much more. "We have U.S. warriors in cyberspace that are deployed overseas" and "live in adversary networks,"・・・
These warriors are now under the command of Lt. Gen. Keith Alexander, director of the National Security Agency. The NSA, the world's most powerful signals intelligence organization, is also in the business of breaking into and extracting data from offshore enemy computer systems and of engaging in computer attacks that, in the NSA's words, "disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy the information" found in these systems. When the Obama administration created "cyber command" last year to coordinate U.S. offensive cyber capabilities, it nominated Alexander to be in charge. ・・・ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/31/AR2010013101834_pf.html
・・・The "sixties" were born on Feb. 1, 1960, 50 years ago this week, when four African American college students staged the first sit-in at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C. ・・・
Of the three big events of the early civil rights movement -- the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education decision, the 1955-56 Montgomery bus boycott and the sit-ins -- the sit-ins have always been the least understood and, yet, the most important for today's young activists. ・・・
In the time before Twitter, the rapid spread of the sit-ins was shocking. The first sit-in was an impulsive act, led by college students. They spread to Nashville, Atlanta, Miami, Durham, N.C., and Little Rock, Ark. -- more than 70 cities and towns in eight weeks. By summer, more than 50,000 people had taken part in one.
At the time, this was not just the largest black protest against segregation ever; it was the largest outburst of civil disobedience in American history. The sit-ins rewrote the rules of protest. They were remarkably egalitarian: Everyone participated; everyone was in equal danger. And they went viral because they were easy to copy.・・・
The contrast with King's early efforts was stark. He had worked hard during the bus boycott to prevent arrests. To his thinking, only protests that remained within the bounds of the law could win the war against Jim Crow. The NAACP similarly believed in the power of the courts to end school segregation. But such efforts were so bureaucratic that ordinary African Americans often felt more like observers than participants.・・・ http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-lewis31-2010jan31,0,7040075.story
・・・Montaigne’s philosophy was a selective hybrid of three great Hellenistic traditions: Epicureanism, Stoicism and Scepticism. What all three had in common was the idea that eudaimonia ? the good, flourishing life ? required tranquillity of mind, ataraxia. Montaigne picked and mixed from the three schools, as people have done before and since. For him, tranquillity depended on suspending judgement and cultivating a lack of attachment. ・・・
・・・the world today needs “his conviction that no vision of heaven, no imagined Apocalypse, and no perfectionist fantasy can ever outweigh the tiniest of selves in the real world.”・・・ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/6b2eac6e-0c63-11df-a941-00144feabdc0.html
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I do not consider Hitler to be as bad as he is depicted. ・・・
I want you to fight Nazism without arms or ... with non-violent arms. ・・・
Hitler killed five million Jews. It is the greatest crime of our time. But the Jews should have offered themselves to the butcher's knife. They should have thrown themselves into the sea from cliffs.・・・
The materialism of affluent Christian countries appears to contradict the claims of Jesus Christ that says it's not possible to worship both Mammon（富の神） and God at the same time. ・・・ http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi
At nearly 500 pages, this year's report was the longest ever issued -- the result of a spate of incidents that have strained ties between Japan and some of its Asian neighbors, said the agency's deputy director general, Nobumasa Ota.
``Japan has never seen itself as being under a military threat,'' Ota said. But he added that, ``militarily speaking, North Korea is attracting our utmost attention right now.''
に、
Japan's Host Nation Support Program for the U.S.-Japan Security ... - 2 回閲覧 - 17:18 -
ment should end the HNS.25 Nobumasa Ohta, a former senior official of the Japan ... Nobumasa Ohta, Boeicho Saisei Sengen [Declaration to rebirth the Defense Agency] (Tokyo: Nihon Hyoron sha, July 2001), pp. 78-79. ...
www.jstor.org/stable/4497216 -
・・・The Obama administration is accelerating the deployment of new defenses against possible Iranian missile attacks in the Persian Gulf, placing special ships off the Iranian coast and antimissile systems in at least four Arab countries・・・
・・・the countries that accepted the defense systems were Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Kuwait. ・・・“eight Patriot missile batteries, two in each of four countries.”・・・
Saudi Arabia and Israel have long had similar equipment of their own.・・・
・・・the United States was now keeping Aegis cruisers on patrol in the Persian Gulf at all times. ・・・
Gulf countries are also taking steps of their own to harden their defenses. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have bought more than $15 billion in American arms in the past two years, including missile defense systems. The United States is helping support a plan by Saudi Arabia to triple the size, to 30,000 people, of a Saudi force that protects the kingdom’s ports, oil facilities and water-desalinization plants・・・ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/world/middleeast/31missile.html?hp=&pagewanted=print
・・・it is striking that the people who most dislike the whole idea of healthcare reform - the ones who think it is socialist, godless, a step on the road to a police state - are often the ones it seems designed to help.
In Texas, where barely two-thirds of the population have full health insurance and over a fifth of all children have no cover at all, opposition to the legislation is currently running at 87%. ・・・
It might be tempting to put the whole thing down to what the historian Richard Hofstadter back in the 1960s called "the paranoid style" of American politics, in which God, guns and race get mixed into a toxic stew of resentment at anything coming out of Washington.
But that would be a mistake.
If people vote against their own interests, it is not because they do not understand what is in their interest or have not yet had it properly explained to them.
They do it because they resent having their interests decided for them by politicians who think they know best. ・・・
・・・stories always trump statistics, which means the politician with the best stories is going to win: "One of the fallacies that politicians often have on the Left is that things are obvious, when they are not obvious.
"Obama's administration made a tremendous mistake by not immediately branding the economic collapse that we had just had as the Republicans' Depression, caused by the Bush administration's ideology of unregulated greed. The result is that now people blame him." ・・・
"It's like a French Revolution in reverse in which the workers come pouring down the street screaming more power to the aristocracy."
As Mr Frank sees it, authenticity has replaced economics as the driving force of modern politics. The authentic politicians are the ones who sound like they are speaking from the gut, not the cerebral cortex.・・・ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8474611.stm